Corn, also known as maize, was present as early as 1500 BCE. The plant was domesticated 9,000 years ago in central Mexico. Corn is widely grown throughout the world with the United States being the largest producer. China, Brazil, France, Indonesia, India, and South Africa also contribute.
Wheat originated in Southeast Asia in an area known as the Fertile Crescent. Five thousand years ago wheat cultivation had spread to Ethiopia, India, Great Britain, Ireland, and Spain.
The cultivation of cotton began in India where cotton has been growing for 6,000 years. The Harappan civilization exported cotton to Mesopotamia during the 3rd millennium BCE.
Cai Lun developed papermaking in China during the early 2nd century. He is regarded as the inventor of modern papermaking. The process has spread quickly to the Middle East and Europe by the early 16th century.
The use of hemp dates back to the Stone Age. Pictograms of hemp fiber appeared on potshards in China that were over 10,000 years old. Hemp is cultivated nearly everywhere in the world except the United States. Hemp is imported from Russia, China, North Korea, Hungary, the former Yugoslavia, Romania, Poland, France, and Italy.
Western North America contains coniferous forests in southern Alaska, western Canada, and the western United States. The region also includes the intermountain deserts, shrublands and grasslands of the western United States.
Eastern North America contains both broadleaf and mixed forests located in the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. The area also includes the grasslands of the Great Plains and southcentral Canada as well as the coniferous forests of the southeastern United States.
The eco-zone that includes South America contains more tropical rainforest than any other region. This includes the Amazon rainforest. The region contains the most important reserves of biodiversity.
The Afro-tropic eco-zone contains semi-arid grasslands as well as broadleaf forests.
The European-Siberian region contains coniferous forests as well as mixed and broadleaf forests.
The Mediterranean Basin includes mediterranean forests and woodland shrubs. It is one of the most endangered regions.